Important Topics in Ophthalmic Anesthesia
1. Ocular Physiology and Anesthesia Implications
• Oculocardiac Reflex (OCR): Mechanism, triggers, prevention, and management.
• Effects of Anesthesia on Ocular Blood Flow.
• Drug-induced Pupillary Changes (e.g., opioids, anticholinergics).
2. Anesthetic Techniques for Ophthalmic Surgery
• Peribulbar Block: Technique, advantages, complications.
• Retrobulbar Block: Indications, risks (retrobulbar hemorrhage, globe perforation).
• Sub-Tenon’s Block: Safe alternative, technique.
3. Special Considerations in Ophthalmic Anesthesia
- Open Globe Injury
- Laser Eye Surgery
- Cataract Surgery