📚 Important Topics in Cardiac Anesthesia

🔹 Foundational Concepts

  1. Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology
    • Conducting system of the heart
    • Coronary circulation
    • Cardiac cycle
    • Pressure-volume loops
    • Jugular venous pulse (JVP)
    • Cardiac action potential (SA, AV, Purkinje system)
  1. Autonomic Control of the Heart
    • Sympathetic and parasympathetic influences
    • Baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes
  1. Cardiac Output & Monitoring
    • Determinants of CO
    • Thermodilution, Fick method
    • TEE, PAC, non-invasive monitors

 

🔹 Valvular Heart Diseases & Anesthesia

  1. Mitral Stenosis (MS)
  2. Mitral Regurgitation (MR)
  3. Aortic Stenosis (AS)
  4. Aortic Regurgitation (AR)
  5. Tricuspid and Pulmonary Valve Lesions

 

🔹 Cardiomyopathies

  1. Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
  2. Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCMP)
  3. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCMP)
  4. Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

 

🔹 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

  1. Anesthesia for CABG (on-pump and off-pump)
  2. Myocardial ischemia and infarction: anesthesia concerns
  3. ECG interpretation for anesthesia
  4. Stress testing, angiography – interpretation for anesthesiologists

 

🔹 Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB)

  1. Phases of CPB
  2. Components of CPB circuit
  3. Cardioplegia: types, composition, delivery
  4. Physiological changes during CPB
  5. Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest (DHCA)
  6. Coagulopathy and blood conservation in CPB
  7. Weaning from CPB and troubleshooting
  8. Protamine reaction and management

 

🔹 Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgeries

  1. Preoperative cardiac evaluation
  2. Monitoring in cardiac anesthesia (TEE, PAC, arterial lines)
  3. Anesthesia for aortic aneurysm repair
  4. Minimal access and robotic cardiac surgery

 

🔹 Interventional Cardiology & Cath Lab

  1. Anesthesia in Cath Lab
  2. Electrophysiology studies and ablations
  3. Pacemakers and ICDs – perioperative considerations
  4. Balloon valvotomy and TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation)

 

🔹 Advanced Hemodynamic Monitoring

  1. TEE views and interpretation
  2. SVV, PPV, and dynamic indicators of fluid responsiveness
  3. Vasoactive drugs – choice in various cardiac conditions

 

🔹 Heart Failure & Devices

  1. Heart failure management perioperatively
  2. LVAD/RVAD/ECMO
  3. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)
  4. Heart transplantation – anesthesia considerations

 

🔹 Congenital Heart Diseases

  1. TOF (Tetralogy of Fallot)
  2. ASD, VSD, PDA
  3. TGA, TAPVC, Coarctation
  4. Fontan physiology and anesthesia

 

🔹 Perioperative Issues in Cardiac Patients

  1. Arrhythmias and perioperative management
  2. Myocardial protection strategies
  3. Pain management post cardiac surgery