FLUIDS & ELECTROLYTES 

1. BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF BODY FLUIDS

• Total body water (TBW) distribution
• Starling forces & revised glycocalyx model
• Fluid shifts in critical illness

2. TYPES OF IV FLUIDS

 Crystalloids

• Normal Saline
• Ringer Lactate
• PlasmaLyte
• DNS (Dextrose normal saline)
• ½ DNS
• D5W
• Hypertonic saline

Colloids

• Albumin
• Hydroxyethyl starch
• Gelatin

3. FLUID THERAPY STRATEGIES

• Liberal vs restrictive fluid strategy
• Early goal-directed therapy (EGDT)
• Fluid responsiveness 
• Fluid tolerance vs fluid overload
• ASSESSMENT OF FLUID STATUS
• FLUID OVERLOAD & DERESUSCITATION
• Fluid stewardship
• Fluid Balance

4. SODIUM DISORDERS

• Hyponatremia
• Hypernatremia

5. POTASSIUM DISORDERS

• Hypokalemia
• Hyperkalemia

6. CALCIUM DISORDERS

• Hypocalcemia
• Hypercalcemia

7.MAGNESIUM DISORDERS

• Hypomagnesemia
• Hypermagnesemia

7. PHOSPHATE DISORDERS

• Hypophosphatemia
• Hyperphosphatemia