🔹 Sepsis and Septic Shock
- Gram-positive vs gram-negative bacteremia
- Primary vs secondary bloodstream infections
- Sepsis
- ESBL, CRE, MRSA, VRE: identification and treatment
🔹 Antibiotic Stewardship
- Empiric vs targeted therapy
- De-escalation strategy
- Antibiotic dosing in AKI, CRRT, ECMO
- Time-dependent vs concentration-dependent antibiotics
- MIC and PK/PD principles
- Procalcitonin
- Role of CRP in antibiotic decisions
🔹 Common ICU Infections
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
- Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI)
- Catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI)
- Surgical site infections (SSI)
- Cellulitis with sepsis
- Necrotizing fasciitis
- Gas gangrene
- Pyomyositis
- Septic arthritis
- Osteomyelitis with sepsis
- Toxic Shock Syndrome
🔹 Fungal Infections in ICU
🔹 Viral Infections in ICU
🔹 Immunocompromised Hosts
- Febrile neutropenia
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
- Toxoplasmosis
- TB reactivation
- Prophylactic antimicrobials in transplant/oncology patients
- Infection control measures
🔹 Tropical and Zoonotic Infections
- Malaria
- Scrub typhus
- Leptospirosis
- Dengue
- Enteric fever
- Brucellosis
- Rickettsial diseases
- Kala Azar
🔹 Meningitis and Encephalitis
- Bacterial meningitis
- Viral encephalitis
- TB meningitis
- Brain abscess
🔹 Nosocomial endocarditis in ICU (catheter-associated)
🔹 Infection Control in ICU
- Hand hygiene, contact precautions
- Isolation protocols (airborne, droplet)
- Environmental cleaning
- Surveillance cultures and infection audits
🔹 Vaccination in ICU Settings
- Role in immunocompromised patients and healthcare workers
- Tetanus, rabies, pneumococcus, influenza