INFECTIOUS DISEASES TOPICS

1. General Principles of Infectious Diseases

• Host–Pathogen Interaction
• Innate vs Adaptive Immunity
• Fever: Mechanisms & Evaluation
• Sepsis & Septic Shock
• SIRS vs qSOFA vs SOFA
• Antimicrobial Stewardship
• Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms
• Empirical vs Targeted Therapy
• PK–PD Principles of Antibiotics
• Procalcitonin & CRP in Infection
• Blood Culture Interpretation
• Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI)
• Infection Control & Isolation Precautions

2. Bacterial Infections

Gram-Positive Organisms

• Staphylococcus
• Streptococcus
• Pneumococcus
• Enterococcus
• Clostridioides difficile infection
• Tetanus
• Diphtheria

Gram-Negative Organisms

• Enterobacteriaceae infections
• ESBL & Carbapenem-resistant organisms
• Pseudomonas 
• Acinetobacter 
• Neisseria meningitidis
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Brucellosis

Atypical Bacteria

• Mycoplasma
• Chlamydia
• Legionella

3. Central Nervous System Infections

• Acute Bacterial Meningitis
• Tubercular Meningitis
• Viral Encephalitis
• Brain Abscess
• Neurocysticercosis
• Subdural Empyema

4. Respiratory Infections

• Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
• Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)
• Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
• Lung Abscess
• Empyema
• Tuberculosis 
• COVID-19

5. Cardiovascular Infections

• Infective Endocarditis
• Myocarditis
• Pericarditis

6. Bloodstream Infections

• Bacteremia
• Sepsis
• Septic Shock
• Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection (CRBSI)

7. Gastrointestinal Infections

• Acute Gastroenteritis
• Cholera
• Typhoid Fever
• Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E
• Liver Abscess
• Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)
• Clostridioides difficile Colitis

8. Genitourinary Infections

• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
• Complicated UTI
• Pyelonephritis
• Prostatitis
• Epididymo-orchitis
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

 9. Bone & Joint Infections

• Osteomyelitis
• Septic Arthritis
• Prosthetic Joint Infection

 10. Skin & Soft Tissue Infections

• Cellulitis
• Necrotizing Fasciitis
• Diabetic Foot Infection
• Gas Gangrene
• Erysipelas

 11. Viral Infections

• HIV/AIDS
• Dengue
• Chikungunya
• Influenza
• Rabies
• Herpes Simplex
• Varicella-Zoster
• CMV
• EBV

12. Mycobacterial Infections

• Pulmonary TB
• MDR-TB / XDR-TB
• Miliary TB
• TB Pericarditis
• TB Meningitis
• NTM infections

13. Fungal Infections

• Candidemia
• Invasive Aspergillosis
• Mucormycosis
• Cryptococcal Meningitis
• Histoplasmosis
• Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia

14. Parasitic Infections

• Malaria
• Leishmaniasis
• Filariasis
• Toxoplasmosis
• Amoebiasis
• Giardiasis
• Helminthic infections

15. Tropical & Emerging Infections 

• Scrub Typhus
• Leptospirosis
• Hantavirus
• Nipah Virus
• Kyasanur Forest Disease
• Japanese Encephalitis

16. Immunocompromised Host Infections

• Neutropenic Fever
• Post-Transplant Infections
• HIV Opportunistic Infections
• Steroid-Induced Immunosuppression Infections

17. ICU-Specific Infectious Diseases

• Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
• Catheter-Related Infections
• Intra-abdominal Sepsis
• Fungal Sepsis
• MDR Organism Management
• Antimicrobial Dosing in CRRT

18. Diagnostic Microbiology & Lab Interpretation

• Gram Stain Interpretation
• Culture Media Overview
• Blood Culture Bottles
• PCR & Molecular Diagnostics
• Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing
• MIC & Breakpoints

19. Antimicrobial Pharmacology 

• Beta-Lactams
• Carbapenems
• Glycopeptides
• Aminoglycosides
• Macrolides
• Fluoroquinolones
• Colistin
• Antifungals
• Antivirals
• Antitubercular drugs