🔹 Physiological Differences

🔹 Anatomical Differences

🔹 Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS)

🔹 Shock in Children

🔹 Mechanical Ventilation in Children

🔹 ETT size and depth: formulas (Age/4 + 4 for uncuffed)

🔹 Pediatric ARDS (PALICC Definitions)

🔹 Sepsis in Children

🔹 Neurological Emergencies

• Pediatric status epilepticus: benzos → phenytoin → levetiracetam/phenobarb
• Raised ICP: bulging fontanelle, irritability, sunsetting eyes
• TBM, viral encephalitis common causes of coma

🔹 Congenital Heart Disease in ICU

• Cyanotic heart disease
• Acyanotic heart disease 
• Duct-dependent lesions
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Post-op monitoring post cardiac surgeries (e.g., Glenn, Fontan physiology)

🔹 Electrolyte and Fluid Management

🔹 Differences in pediatric vs adult DKA:

🔹 Poisonings in Children

🔹 Hemato-Oncological Emergencies

• Febrile neutropenia
• Leukostasis in high WBC counts

🔹 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

🔹 Ethical and Communication Challenges

• Parental consent and shared decision-making
• DNR orders in neonates/infants
• End-of-life care in congenital anomalies