Nephro Critical care

Uremic Encephalopathy Definition Uremic encephalopathy is an organic brain syndrome caused by accumulation of uremic toxins and associated metabolic abnormalities in renal failure. It may occur with: Severe AKI Advanced CKD/kidney failure Acute deterioration of CKD Inadequate dialysis Missed dialysis sessions Dialysis-access dysfunction causing inadequate clearance It is generally associated with severe reduction in renal […]

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is defined as: Presence of significant bacterial growth in urine in a patient WITHOUT signs or symptoms attributable to urinary tract infection (UTI). Symptoms that must be absent include: Dysuria Frequency Urgency Suprapubic pain Flank pain Fever attributable to UTI Costovertebral angle tenderness Diagnostic Criteria Standard Definition (IDSA 2019)

Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) Definition A Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) is a UTI occurring in a patient with: An indwelling urinary catheter in place for >2 calendar days OR Catheter removed within the previous 48 hours with: Compatible symptoms/signs of UTI AND Significant bacteriuria.  Catheter-Associated Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (CA-ASB) Bacteria in urine without

Upper UTI/Pyelonephritis Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma causing inflammation of the kidney. It represents the upper spectrum of urinary tract infection (UTI). Acute Pyelonephritis Acute suppurative bacterial infection involving: Renal pelvis/Collecting system/Renal interstitium/Renal tubules Usually occurs due to: Ascending infection from lower urinary tract Less commonly hematogenous spread

Approach to Oliguria in the ICU  Oliguria = Urine output <0.5 mL/kg/hr. KDIGO AKI Criteria (Urine Output) Stage Urine Output Criteria Stage 1 <0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6–12 hours Stage 2 <0.5 mL/kg/hr for ≥12 hours Stage 3 <0.3 mL/kg/hr for ≥24 hours OR anuria ≥12 hours Definitions Term Definition Oliguria <400–500 mL/day Severe Oliguria <100

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) AKI is a rapid decline in kidney function (hours to days), resulting in the accumulation of nitrogenous waste, electrolyte imbalance, and dysregulation of volume and acid-base status. Category Definition / Time Course Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Abrupt decline in kidney function occurring within ≤7 days. KDIGO AKI is identified by an