Neurology

1. Definition & Basic Facts Feature Detail Origin Greek word for “dance” Definition Hyperkinetic involuntary movement — non-rhythmic, jerky, semi-purposeful, random and flowing in nature Site of lesion Caudate nucleus (striatum) Hemiballism → contralateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) Parakinesia Chorea camouflaged by blending it into seemingly voluntary gestures (touching face, adjusting glasses) Motor impersistence Cannot sustain […]

Essential Tremor 1. At a Glance Parameter Key Point Definition Isolated tremor syndrome of bilateral upper-limb action tremor, ≥3 years, without other neurological signs Prevalence Most common movement disorder — ~1% overall; ~5% of those >60 years (pooled prevalence 0.9%) Age at onset Bimodal — peaks in 2nd and 6th decades; prevalence rises sharply >70

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic (in most cases), immune-mediated, demyelinating disorder of the CNS that classically follows a viral infection or vaccination — characterized by multifocal white and grey matter demyelination with encephalopathy, predominantly affecting children. At a Glance Domain Practical Point Definition CNS demyelinating syndrome, almost always monophasic,

Huntington’s Disease (HD) Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a progressive, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HTT (IT15) gene on chromosome 4p, leading to toxic polyglutamine accumulation, striatal neuronal loss, chorea, cognitive decline, and progressive motor, cognitive, and behavioral deterioration over roughly 15–20 years. At a Glance Domain Practical