Nephrology Topics
1️⃣ Renal Physiology
- Glomerular filtration & Starling forces
- Renal blood flow & autoregulation
- Tubular transport mechanisms
- Acid–base physiology
- Concentrating & diluting ability
- RAAS system
- Sodium & water balance
2️⃣ Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
- Approach to AKI
- ATN
- Contrast nephropathy
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Sepsis-associated AKI
- Tumour lysis syndrome
- Indications for dialysis
3️⃣ Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
- Approach to CKD
- CKD complications
- Renal osteodystrophy
- Indications for renal replacement therapy
4️⃣ Glomerular Diseases
Nephritic Syndrome
- IgA nephropathy
- Post-streptococcal GN
- Lupus nephritis
- RPGN
- Vasculitis
Nephrotic Syndrome
- Minimal change disease
- FSGS
- Membranous nephropathy
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Amyloidosis
5️⃣ Tubulointerstitial Disorders
- Acute interstitial nephritis
- Chronic interstitial nephritis
- Analgesic nephropathy
- Reflux nephropathy
- Myeloma kidney
6️⃣ Electrolyte Disorders
Sodium
- SIADH
- Diabetes insipidus
- Hyponatraemia
- Hypernatraemia
Potassium
- Hypokalaemia
- Hyperkalaemia
Calcium
- Hypercalcaemia
- Hypocalcaemia
Magnesium
- Hypomagnesemia
- Hypermagnesemia
Phosphate
- Hypophosphatemia
- Hyperphosphatemia
7️⃣ Acid–Base Disorders
- Metabolic acidosis
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Respiratory acidosis
- Respiratory alkalosis
- Mixed disorders
8️⃣ Renal Vascular Disease
- Renal artery stenosis
- Malignant hypertension
- Thrombotic microangiopathy
- HUS
- TTP
9️⃣ Systemic Diseases Affecting Kidney
- Diabetes mellitus
- SLE
- Vasculitis (ANCA)
- Myeloma
- Amyloidosis
🔟 Inherited & Structural Disorders
- ADPKD
- ARPKD
- Alport syndrome
- Medullary sponge kidney
1️⃣1️⃣ Renal Tubular Acidosis
1️⃣2️⃣ Urinary Tract Disorders
- UTI
- Pyelonephritis
- Obstructive uropathy
- Prostate-related obstruction
1️⃣3️⃣ Dialysis & Transplant
- Indications for dialysis
- Complications of haemodialysis
- Peritoneal dialysis complications
- Renal transplant rejection types
- Immunosuppressants