Decode Medicine from Ward Rounds to ICU rounds
Approach to Oliguria in the ICU Oliguria = Urine output <0.5 mL/kg/hr. KDIGO AKI Criteria (Urine Output) Stage Urine Output Criteria Stage 1 <0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6–12 hours Stage 2 <0.5 mL/kg/hr for ≥12 hours Stage 3 <0.3 mL/kg/hr for ≥24 hours OR anuria ≥12 hours Definitions Term Definition Oliguria <400–500 mL/day Severe Oliguria <100 […]
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Amiodarone 1. CLASSIFICATION Amiodarone = Class III antiarrhythmic (Vaughan-Williams classification) 2. MECHANISM OF ACTION K⁺ channel blockade (Phase 3) ↑ repolarization time ↑ QT interval ↑ refractory period → prevents re-entry circuits Na⁺ channel blockade ↓ conduction velocity (especially in ischemic tissue) Ca²⁺ channel blockade ↓ AV node conduction Non-competitive β-blockade ↓ sympathetic drive 3.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) KDIGO Definition of AKI AKI is diagnosed if any one of the following is present: Increase in Serum Creatinine-≥0.3 mg/dL (26.5 μmol/L) within 48 hours Relative Increase in Creatinine-≥1.5 times baseline within previous 7 days Reduced Urine Output—<0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6 hours KDIGO Staging of AKI Stage Serum Creatinine Criteria Urine
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Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) / Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (EAA) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease (ILD) caused by repeated inhalation of a sensitizing antigen in susceptible individuals, leading to inflammation of: Alveoli Terminal bronchioles Interstitium Unlike asthma, HP primarily affects the alveolar-interstitial compartment rather than the conducting airways. HP may progress from reversible
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Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) Pneumonia occurring ≥48 hours after endotracheal intubation and initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation Infection not present or incubating at the time of intubation Related Terms (CDC Surveillance) Term Definition VAP Clinical diagnosis Ventilator-Associated Event (VAE) Surveillance definition VAC Ventilator-associated condition IVAC Infection-related VAC Possible VAP IVAC + microbiology Exams focus: Clinical
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Fournier’s Gangrene Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is a rapidly progressive, life-threatening form of necrotizing fasciitis involving the perineum, genitalia, and perianal region. It is characterized by: Necrosis of superficial and deep fascial planes Microvascular thrombosis Extensive tissue destruction Polymicrobial infection Severe sepsis and septic shock Why Is It Dangerous? Mortality remains:20–40% ,Can exceed:70–80% when: Septic shock
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The Consultant Forgot a Fact. The Residents Laughed. They Missed the Entire Lesson. “Knowledge is knowing that a tomato is a fruit. Wisdom is knowing not to put it in a fruit salad.” I witnessed something recently that stayed with me longer than I expected. During morning rounds, a senior consultant was discussing a complex
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How to Prepare for NEET SS: Why Some People Crack NEET SS and Others Don’t Before I start, let me establish some credibility.I secured AIR 72 in NEET SS while doing residency. No dedicated one-year study leave. No Himalayan retreat. No disappearing from clinical work. Just residency. So either I got extraordinarily lucky, or I
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Last 3 Months Strategy for NEET PG: The Truth Nobody Tells You Every year, thousands of NEET PG aspirants enter the final three months with the confidence of a future AIR 1 and the preparation strategy of a confused pigeon. This is the phase where logic leaves the chat. Students who ignored Medicine for four
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Every MBBS student reaches a point where one question starts dominating every conversation: “Which branch should I choose?” Some branches offer money. Some offer prestige. Some offer a relaxed lifestyle. Some are considered “elite.” Some are hyped by coaching culture, seniors, social media, or relatives. And somewhere between all these external influences, many students slowly
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