Decode Medicine from Ward Rounds to ICU rounds
Pneumothorax Pneumothorax = Presence of air in the pleural space causing partial or complete collapse of the lung. Normal pleural pressure is negative relative to atmosphere. When air enters pleural space: Negative pressure is lost Lung recoils inward Chest wall expands outward Ventilation decreases Severe cases → hemodynamic compromise Classification Type Mechanism Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax […]
Pleural Effusion Normal Pleural Space Contains 5–15 mL fluid Produced mainly by parietal pleura Absorbed via pleural lymphatics Functions as a lubricant allowing lung movement Pleural effusion develops when:Fluid formation > Fluid removal Etiology Transudative Pleural Effusion Cause Mechanism Heart failure(~80% of transudates) Increased hydrostatic pressure Cirrhosis (hepatic hydrothorax)(~13% of transudates) Ascitic fluid migration Nephrotic
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) / Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (EAA) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease (ILD) caused by repeated inhalation of a sensitizing antigen in susceptible individuals, leading to inflammation of: Alveoli Terminal bronchioles Interstitium Unlike asthma, HP primarily affects the alveolar-interstitial compartment rather than the conducting airways. HP may progress from reversible
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