🔹 Initial Assessment and Triage (ATLS Principles)

🔹 Airway and Ventilation in Trauma

• Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI) in trauma
• Indications for surgical airway (cricothyrotomy)
• Indications for mechanical ventilation post-trauma

🔹 Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation

• Recognition of Class I–IV hemorrhagic shock
• Permissive hypotension in penetrating trauma (SBP ~90 mmHg)
• Massive transfusion protocols (MTP): 1:1:1 ratio (PRBC:FFP:Platelets)
• Balanced resuscitation vs crystalloid overuse
• Resuscitation endpoints: lactate, ScvO₂, MAP, base deficit
• REBOA (Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of Aorta)

🔹 Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

🔹 Spinal Cord Injury

🔹 Chest Trauma

🔹 Abdominal Trauma

🔹 Orthopedic and Extremity Trauma

• Long bone fractures and fat embolism syndrome
• Open fractures: antibiotics + tetanus + ortho consult
• Crush injury and rhabdomyolysis → AKI risk, early aggressive fluids
• Limb compartment syndrome: clinical signs + fasciotomy

🔹 Burns – Initial and Critical Care

🔹 Electrical and Chemical Burns

🔹 Scoring Systems in Trauma/Burns

• Revised Trauma Score (RTS)
• Injury Severity Score (ISS)
• TRISS (Trauma + RTS + ISS)
• Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI)
• MODS, SOFA, and APACHE II applicability

🔹 Ethics and Special Scenarios

• Trauma in pregnancy
• Elderly trauma
• Organ donation in brain-dead trauma patients
• Burn triage in mass casualty settings