Decode Medicine from OPD to ICU rounds
Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema(NPE) Introduction Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is an acute pulmonary edema syndrome occurring after a severe acute CNS insult, particularly when the neurological event causes an abrupt rise in intracranial pressure and/or massive sympathetic activation. It can be confused with: aspiration pneumonitis cardiogenic pulmonary edema ARDS pneumonia fluid overload pulmonary embolism NPE may […]
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Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiological syndrome characterized by: Acute neurological symptoms Vasogenic cerebral edema (predominantly posterior circulation territory) Reversible changes on neuroimaging It is not always posterior and not always reversible Frontal lobes may be involved Basal ganglia involvement possible Brainstem and cerebellar involvement possible Can even
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Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates. It is one of the most devastating neurological emergencies with: Mortality: 25–50% Significant disability among survivors Peak incidence: 40–60 years Approximately 80–85% of spontaneous SAH results from rupture of an intracranial
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Tuberculoma (CNS Tuberculoma) A tuberculoma is a localized granulomatous mass lesion caused by infection with Tuberculosis in the central nervous system (CNS). It represents a focal immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and appears as an intracranial or spinal space-occupying lesion. Unlike tuberculous meningitis (TBM), tuberculoma is predominantly a parenchymal disease and may occur with or
Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) 1️⃣ Introduction It accounts for: 10–15% of all strokes But causes disproportionately high mortality (35–50%) 2️⃣ Classification A. By Etiology Type Cause Primary ICH Hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy Secondary ICH AVM, aneurysm, tumor, anticoagulation, trauma B. By Location Deep ICH (Hypertensive)- Pathophysiology- presence of small penetrating arteries in deeper lobe with no
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