Decode Medicine from Ward Rounds to ICU rounds
Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic, progressive, immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease.It results from loss of tolerance to hepatic autoantigens, leading to T-cell–mediated hepatocyte injury. Needs Exclusion of other causes of hepatitis (viral, drug-induced, metabolic). Pathophysiology 1. Immunogenetic Susceptibility HLA associations: AIH type 1: HLA-DR3, DR4 AIH type 2: HLA-DR7, DQ2 AIH type […]
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Acute Diarrhoea 1. Definition Acute diarrhoea = Passage of ≥3 loose/watery stools per day lasting <14 days. Persistent: 14–28 days Chronic: >4 weeks Always clarify duration, volume, blood, travel, antibiotics, immunocompromise, and systemic toxicity. Acute Diarrhoea vs Dysentery Feature Acute Watery Dysentery Stool Watery Blood + mucus Fever Mild High Pain Mild Severe cramps Cause
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) / Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (EAA) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease (ILD) caused by repeated inhalation of a sensitizing antigen in susceptible individuals, leading to inflammation of: Alveoli Terminal bronchioles Interstitium Unlike asthma, HP primarily affects the alveolar-interstitial compartment rather than the conducting airways. HP may progress from reversible
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