Internal medicine

Alcoholic Hepatitis  Definition Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AAH), formerly called alcoholic hepatitis, is an acute inflammatory liver injury occurring in patients with prolonged heavy alcohol consumption .It represents the most severe manifestation of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and carries a high short-term mortality. Spectrum of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Stage Reversibility Clinical Significance Hepatic steatosis Completely reversible Earliest […]

Hepatitis B (HBV)  Introduction Hepatitis B is a DNA virus infection affecting the liver and remains one of the leading causes of: Chronic hepatitis Liver cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Liver failure Need for liver transplantation HBV infection may present as: Acute hepatitis Chronic hepatitis Fulminant hepatic failure Inactive carrier state Occult infection Virus Characteristics Component

Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic, progressive, immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease.It results from loss of tolerance to hepatic autoantigens, leading to T-cell–mediated hepatocyte injury. Needs Exclusion of other causes of hepatitis (viral, drug-induced, metabolic).  Pathophysiology 1. Immunogenetic Susceptibility HLA associations: AIH type 1: HLA-DR3, DR4 AIH type 2: HLA-DR7, DQ2 AIH type