INDEX

🔹 General Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology

  1. Endocrine system overview – hormone synthesis, release, and regulation
  2. Hypothalamic-pituitary axis – implications for anesthesia
  3. Stress response to surgery and anesthesia – endocrine modulation

🔹 Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders

  1. Physiology of thyroid hormone production and regulation
  2. Hyperthyroidism – perioperative management and anesthetic concerns
  3. Hypothyroidism
  4. Anesthesia for thyroidectomy 
  5. Parathyroid disorders – hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism anesthetic relevance
  6. Anesthesia for parathyroidectomy 

🔹 Adrenal Disorders

  1. Physiology of adrenal cortex and medulla – hormones and effects
  2. Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency – Addison’s disease
  3. Cushing’s syndrome
  4. Pheochromocytoma 
  5. Conn’s syndrome

🔹 Diabetes Mellitus and Perioperative Glucose Control

  1. Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes – perioperative risks and management
  2. Perioperative insulin regimens and oral hypoglycemic agent handling
  3. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) – anesthesia implications
  4. Autonomic neuropathy and gastroparesis – relevance to anesthesia

🔹 Pituitary Disorders

  1. Pituitary adenomas – types, hormonal activity, and perioperative considerations
  2. Acromegaly Anesthesia considerations
  3. Diabetes insipidus (DI) – perioperative management, desmopressin use

🔹 Pancreatic Endocrine Disorders

  1. Insulinoma – perioperative glucose control and anesthesia implications
  2. Glucagonoma, VIPoma, somatostatinoma – rare tumors and management
  3. Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy)

🔹 Perioperative Endocrine Management and Special Situations

  1. Perioperative steroid supplementation – updated guidelines
  2. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) and endocrine disorders
  3. Anesthesia considerations in multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome