🔹 Renal Physiology & Pathophysiology

1. Renal physiology – Glomerular filtration and urine formation
2. Renal handling of drugs – pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic implications

🔹 Preoperative Considerations in Renal Disease

3. Preoperative evaluation of patients with renal dysfunction
4. Drug dosing adjustments in renal failure
5. Dialysis and timing in perioperative period

🔹 Intraoperative Considerations

7. Anesthetic agents and Nephrotoxic drugs  in renal disease – safe vs contraindicated
8. Use of diuretics intraoperatively – indications and risks

🔹 Anesthesia for Specific Renal Procedures

9. Anesthesia for renal transplantation – adult and pediatric
10. Anesthesia for arteriovenous (AV) fistula creation
11. Anesthesia for nephrectomy – simple, radical, and laparoscopic
12. Anesthesia for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and ureteroscopy
13. Anesthesia for renal cell carcinoma with IVC thrombus 
14. TURP
15. ESWL
16. Prostatectomy
17. Hypospadias,Circumcision

🔹 Special Populations and ICU Considerations

18. Pediatric renal disease and anesthesia
19. Pregnancy and renal disease – anesthetic implications
20. Postoperative care and prevention of AKI
21. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in patients with renal dysfunction